BAKIT GISING KA PA?

•Hoy,Bakit Gising ka pa?
Written By: SMice

You may take it seriously or not,either way this article focuses one of the favorites of this generation kids.^^

Pero seryoso bakit sa ganitong oras(Check the time I posted this article) ay Gising ka pa?Biologically,dapat tulog ka na dhl yan ang nakalagay sa Circadian Rhythm.

Ano kaya pumipigil sayo na matulog?

Number 1.Si CRUSH
Number 2.Assignments and Requirements
Number 3.Gadgets

Sa tatlong nabanggit,Ano most common?

Sa akin number 3.,Gadgets.

Several articles have reported on the effects of LED backlit screens and their emission of a certain blue-light wavelength on melatonin levels, an essential hormone that makes you drowsy and kicks in your sleep cycle.

Melatonin is released naturally at the onset of darkness, preparing your body for rest, and then continuously throughout the night as part of your natural circadian rhythm -your body's daily biological clock. However,melatonin can be partially curbed by exposure to light, and the abnormally bright glow of backlit computer screens seems to be especially disruptive to its release. Suppression of melatonin then has the opposite effects, increasing alertness and arousal,and even altering REM sleep patterns when you finally do nod off.

A group of researchers sat students down in front of an LED screen from the hours of 11pm-1am (not too unusual an occurrence), but this time they also equipped them with specialized goggles that either ramped up or down the amount of blue light they received. Melatonin levels were reduced by almost 50% in the blue goggle condition, which amplified the target blue-light wavelength,but were down only 7% in the pure LED condition after two hours of exposure, and not at all after one hour.

Thus, it seems the brightness of the light and the length of time spent staring at it significantly affects the impact on melatonin levels.

But maybe it's not the screen you're looking at itself; maybe it's what's on the screen that's the problem. Several studies have reported an increase in stress levels induced by late-night texting, which can trigger insomnia and disrupt sleep patterns. A preliminary study from University of Texas Pan-American reported higher stress levels and poorer sleep in students who texted or went online within two hours before going to bed. Another report stated similar findings when it came to active screen behaviors, like emailing or playing a video game, but no difficulties in those who just watched a movie on their laptops. Thus, the problem may be more linked to the type of activity you use your computer for, with active screen behaviors causing higher arousal rates before bed.

Either way, when it comes to your night- time routine, you might do better with the age-old adage of reading a boring book or counting sheep to help you fall asleep instead of checking your email one last time.

~Smice

How to Clone Yourself?

•How to Clone Yourself
By: SMice

Teka bgo ko simulan.Alam ko lahat tyo gusto maclone ang sarili ntn.Pero itatanong ko sainyo?Ano ba nsa isip mo if heard that word?Syempre Human Cloning! Well sadly hindi to pang human kundi a basic procedure ng cloning on your DNA.

have you ever heard this "Polymerase Chain Reaction" if yes hindi ka mawawala dto so lets proceed.

When molecular biologists use the term "cloning," they are usually referring to the process of cloning a gene,not an organism. If you want to clone yourself, start small by cloning a gene. You might find something interesting.

Studying a single gene and the protein or proteins it encodes is hampered by the fact that genes exist in a bustling genome. It is often useful to isolate a gene so that it can be studied or manipulated in isolation. For example, cloning the gene for human insulin allows us to produce large amounts of insulin in bacteria.

Cloning is easier than you might think. If you already have a gene in mind you can look it up in a sequenced genome! Let's say you want to clone your insulin gene to see if it's any different from your friend's. In the human genome, the gene for insulin is abbreviated INS and happens to sit on
chromosome 11.

The first step is to amplify the gene using a process called PCR, short for polymerase chain reaction. In PCR, short pieces of single-stranded DNA are used as primers to get the reaction going. One primer binds at the front of the gene and the other at the end. Together, they define the region of DNA your PCR reaction will copy,exponentially.

After PCR, you have a tube of DNA that is almost exclusively the INS gene. From here,you can sequence the gene directly by mailing away the INS PCR product (the routine method of DNA sequencing is very similar to PCR, requiring also one of your primers)

But say you are also interested in producing your own supply of insulin, encoded by your own personal INS gene. To do that,you need a cell that can read the instructions encoded in the INS gene to produce functional insulin protein. Luckily, all life on earth uses a shared genetic code and so a gene from one organism can be understood by any other organism. E. coli is usually the first choice,since it grows quickly and is easy to handle.

First you need to figure out a way to get INS into E. coli. The cell needs more instructions than what is encoded in this foreign, human gene, and the DNA needs a vehicle to carry it into the cell.

The solution is to use a plasmid. Plasmids are small, circular molecules of DNA that bacteria faithfully copy before each cell division. The plasmids are easily taken up by bacteria using a simple heat shock procedure, and they stick around because they encode a gene for antibiotic resistance, Growing the bacteria on the corresponding antibiotic means that only the cells with the plasmid can survive.

Here's where the cloning comes in. Youinsert your INS gene into the plasmid using restriction enzymes. When you transfer the plasmid to E. coli, the cells will produce many copies of the plasmid (and by extension your INS gene) with each cell division. It is this method of precise copying that we call "cloning."

Now, to finish this out you have to instruct the E. coli to express insulin. Though the cells understand the coded message for assembling insulin, they do not have the same machinery as humans to recognize that there is a message to be read! By adding a suitable genetic switch you create what is now called an expression plasmid (or, more commonly, "expression vector.")

As the E. coli cells grow, they faithfully copy your plasmid and express the insulin encoded in your INS gene. With the right biochemical know-how, you can purify this small, cloned part of yourself.

What's truly remarkable about this method of cloning is that you can apply it to any gene you want, although very long genes are tricky to clone.

So now you've cloned a small part of you. In fact, we could say you cloned the smallest unit of you: one gene.

(c) Scitable

~Smice